How To Clean Athlete's Foot Fungus From Shower

Fungal infection of the skin

"Ringworm" redirects here. For the band, see Ringworm (ring).

"Tinea" redirects here. For the moth genus, see Tinea (moth).

Medical condition

Dermatophytosis
Other names	Ringworm, tinea
Ringworm on a human leg
Specialty	Dermatology, Internal Medicine
Symptoms	Ruddy, itchy, scaly, circular skin rash[1]
Causes	Fungal infection[2]
Take a chance factors	Using public showers, contact sports, excessive sweating, contact with animals, obesity, poor immune role[3] [iv]
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, microbial civilisation, microscopic examination[5]
Differential diagnosis	Dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, tinea versicolor[half-dozen]
Prevention	Go on the skin dry, not walking barefoot in public, not sharing personal items[3]
Treatment	Antifungal creams (clotrimazole, miconazole)[vii]
Frequency	20% of the population[8]

Dermatophytosis, besides known every bit ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin.^[ii] Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, round rash.^[1] Hair loss may occur in the expanse affected.^[1] Symptoms begin four to fourteen days later exposure.^[one] Multiple areas can be afflicted at a given time.^[4]

Almost 40 types of fungus can cause ringworm.^[ii] They are typically of the Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton type.^[two] Run a risk factors include using public showers, contact sports such as wrestling, excessive sweating, contact with animals, obesity, and poor immune function.^{[3] [four]} Ringworm can spread from other animals or betwixt people.^[three] Diagnosis is often based on the appearance and symptoms.^[5] It may exist confirmed by either culturing or looking at a skin scraping under a microscope.^[v]

Prevention is by keeping the peel dry, not walking barefoot in public, and not sharing personal items.^[3] Handling is typically with antifungal creams such as clotrimazole or miconazole.^[7] If the scalp is involved, antifungals past oral cavity such every bit fluconazole may be needed.^[vii]

Globally, up to 20% of the population may be infected by ringworm at whatsoever given fourth dimension.^[8] Infections of the groin are more than common in males, while infections of the scalp and trunk occur equally in both sexes.^[4] Infections of the scalp are well-nigh common in children while infections of the groin are most common in the elderly.^[iv] Descriptions of ringworm date back to aboriginal history.^[9]

Signs and symptoms

Infections on the body may give ascension to typical enlarging raised cherry-red rings of ringworm. Infection on the skin of the feet may cause athlete's pes and in the groin, jock itch. Interest of the nails is termed onychomycosis, and they may thicken, discolour, and finally crumble and fall off. They are common in nearly adult people, with up to twenty% of the population having ane of these infections at any given moment.^{[ citation needed ]}

Animals including dogs and cats can also exist afflicted by ringworm, and the disease can exist transmitted between animals and humans, making it a zoonotic disease.

Specific signs can exist:

• red, scaly, itchy or raised patches
• patches may be redder on outside edges or resemble a band
• patches that begin to ooze or develop a blister
• baldheaded patches may develop when the scalp is affected
• nails may thicken, discolour or begin to crack^[10]

Causes

Fungi thrive in moist, warm areas, such as locker rooms, tanning beds, swimming pools, and skin folds; accordingly, those that cause dermatophytosis may exist spread by using exercise machines that have not been disinfected after use, or past sharing towels, clothing, footwear, or hairbrushes.

Diagnosis

Classification

A number of different species of fungus are involved in dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum are the most common causative agents. These fungi attack various parts of the body and lead to the conditions listed below. The Latin names are for the conditions (disease patterns), non the agents that cause them. The illness patterns beneath identify the type of fungus that causes them only in the cases listed:

• Dermatophytosis
  • Tinea pedis (athlete'southward human foot): fungal infection of the feet
  • Tinea unguium: fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails, and the nail bed
  • Tinea corporis: fungal infection of the arms, legs, and trunk
  • Tinea cruris (jock crawling): fungal infection of the groin area
  • Tinea manuum: fungal infection of the hands and palm area
  • Tinea capitis: fungal infection of the scalp and hair
  • Tinea faciei (face up fungus): fungal infection of the face
  • Tinea barbae: fungal infestation of facial hair
• Other superficial mycoses (not classic ringworm, since not caused by dermatophytes)
  • Tinea versicolor: acquired by Malassezia furfur
  • Tinea nigra: acquired by Hortaea werneckii

Prevention

Communication frequently given includes:

• Avoid sharing clothing, sports equipment, towels, or sheets.
• Wash dress in hot water with fungicidal soap later on suspected exposure to ringworm.
• Avert walking barefoot; instead article of clothing appropriate protective shoes in locker rooms and sandals at the beach.^{[xi] [12] [13]}
• Avoid touching pets with bald spots, as they are frequently carriers of the fungus.

Vaccination

As of 2016,^[update] no approved human vaccine exist against Dermatophytosis. For horses, dogs and cats there is available an approved inactivated vaccine called Insol Dermatophyton (Boehringer Ingelheim) which provides fourth dimension-limited protection confronting several trichophyton and microsporum fungal strains.^[14] With cattle, systemic vaccination has accomplished effective control of ringworm. Since 1979 a Russian live vaccine (LFT 130) and after on a Czechoslovakian live vaccine against bovine ringworm has been used. In Scandinavian countries vaccination programmes against ringworm are used as a preventive measure to improve the hide quality. In Russian federation, fur-begetting animals (argent fox, foxes, polar foxes) and rabbits accept also been treated with vaccines.^[15]

Treatment

Antifungal treatments include topical agents such equally miconazole, terbinafine, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, or tolnaftate applied twice daily until symptoms resolve — usually inside i or two weeks.^[xvi] Topical treatments should then be continued for a further vii days after resolution of visible symptoms to foreclose recurrence.^{[sixteen] [17]} The total duration of treatment is therefore generally two weeks,^{[xviii] [19]} but may exist as long every bit three.^[20]

In more severe cases or scalp ringworm, systemic handling with oral medications may be given.^[21]

To prevent spreading the infection, lesions should not be touched, and skilful hygiene maintained with washing of hands and the body.^[22]

Misdiagnosis and treatment of ringworm with a topical steroid, a standard treatment of the superficially similar pityriasis rosea, can result in tinea incognito, a condition where ringworm fungus grows without typical features, such as a distinctive raised border.^{[ citation needed ]}

History

Dermatophytosis has been prevalent since earlier 1906, at which time ringworm was treated with compounds of mercury or sometimes sulfur or iodine. Hairy areas of skin were considered likewise difficult to treat, so the scalp was treated with X-rays and followed upwardly with antifungal medication.^[23] Another treatment from around the same time was application of Araroba pulverization.^[24]

Terminology

The well-nigh mutual term for the infection, "ringworm", is a misnomer, since the condition is acquired by fungi of several different species and not by parasitic worms.

Other animals

Ringworm caused by Trichophyton verrucosum is a frequent clinical condition in cattle. Immature animals are more frequently affected. The lesions are located on the caput, neck, tail, and perineum.^[25] The typical lesion is a circular, whitish crust. Multiple lesions may coagulate in "map-like" appearance.

• 

  Multiple lesions, head

• 

  Around the optics and on ears

• 

  On cheeks: crusted lesion (right)

• 

  Old lesions, with regrowing hair

• 

  On cervix and withers

• 

  On perineum

Clinical dermatophytosis is also diagnosed in sheep, dogs, cats, and horses. Causative agents, besides Trichophyton verrucosum, are T. mentagrophytes, T. equinum, Microsporum gypseum, M. canis, and G. nanum.^[26]

Dermatophytosis may also be present in the holotype of the Cretaceous eutriconodont mammal Spinolestes, suggesting a Mesozoic origin for this disease.

Diagnosis

Ringworm in pets may often be asymptomatic, resulting in a carrier condition which infects other pets. In some cases, the disease just appears when the animal develops an immunodeficiency status. Round bare patches on the peel advise the diagnosis, but no lesion is truly specific to the fungus. Like patches may result from allergies, sarcoptic mange, and other conditions. Three species of fungi cause 95% of dermatophytosis in pets:^{[ commendation needed ]} these are Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Veterinarians have several tests to place ringworm infection and identify the fungal species that cause information technology:

Woods test: This is an ultraviolet lite with a magnifying lens. Merely 50% of M. canis will bear witness upward as an apple-light-green fluorescence on pilus shafts, under the UV light. The other fungi do not show. The fluorescent material is not the fungus itself (which does not fluoresce), but rather an excretory product of the mucus which sticks to hairs. Infected skin does not fluoresce.

Microscopic test: The veterinarian takes hairs from around the infected expanse and places them in a staining solution to view under the microscope. Fungal spores may be viewed directly on hair shafts. This technique identifies a fungal infection in about 40%–seventy% of the infections, but cannot identify the species of dermatophyte.

Civilization test: This is the most constructive, but as well the near time-consuming, way to determine if ringworm is on a pet. In this test, the veterinary collects hairs from the pet, or else collects fungal spores from the pet's hair with a toothbrush, or other instrument, and inoculates fungal media for civilization. These cultures tin be brushed with transparent tape and then read by the veterinarian using a microscope, or can be sent to a pathological lab. The three common types of fungi which commonly cause pet ringworm can be identified past their characteristic spores. These are unlike-appearing macroconidia in the ii mutual species of Microspora, and typical microconidia in Trichophyton infections.^[26]

Identifying the species of fungi involved in pet infections tin can be helpful in decision-making the source of infection. Chiliad. canis, despite its proper noun, occurs more than ordinarily in domestic cats, and 98% of cat infections are with this organism.^{[ citation needed ]} It tin can also infect dogs and humans, even so. T. mentagrophytes has a major reservoir in rodents, only tin can also infect pet rabbits, dogs, and horses. Grand. gypseum is a soil organism and is often contracted from gardens and other such places. Too humans, it may infect rodents, dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and swine.^[27]

Handling

Pet animals

Treatment requires both systemic oral treatment with most of the same drugs used in humans—terbinafine, fluconazole, or itraconazole—likewise as a topical "dip" therapy.^[28]

Because of the usually longer hair shafts in pets compared to those of humans, the area of infection and perchance all of the longer hair of the pet must exist clipped to subtract the load of fungal spores clinging to the pet'south hair shafts. Withal, close shaving is usually non washed because nicking the pare facilitates farther skin infection.

Twice-weekly bathing of the pet with diluted lime sulfur dip solution is effective in eradicating fungal spores. This must continue for iii to 8 weeks.^[29]

Washing of household hard surfaces with i:10 household sodium hypochlorite bleach solution is effective in killing spores, merely it is too irritating to be used straight on hair and pare.

Pet hair must be rigorously removed from all household surfaces, and and so the vacuum cleaner bag, and peradventure even the vacuum cleaner itself, discarded when this has been done repeatedly. Removal of all hair is of import, since spores may survive 12 months or even as long as ii years on hair clinging to surfaces.^[30]

Cattle

In bovines, an infestation is difficult to cure, as systemic treatment is uneconomical. Local treatment with iodine compounds is fourth dimension-consuming, every bit it needs scraping of crusty lesions. Moreover, it must be advisedly conducted using gloves, lest the worker get infested.

Epidemiology

Worldwide, superficial fungal infections acquired past dermatophytes are estimated to infect around xx-25% of the population and it is thought that dermatophytes infect 10-15% of the population during their lifetime.^{[31] [32]} The highest incidence of superficial mycoses result from dermatophytoses which are nigh prevalent in tropical regions.^{[31] [33]} Onychomycosis, a common infection caused past dermatophytes, is constitute with varying prevalence rates in many countries.^[34] Tinea pedis + onychomycosis, Tinea corporis, Tinea capitis are the most common dermatophytosis found in humans across the world.^[34] Tinea capitis has a greater prevalence in children.^[31] The increasing prevalence of dermatophytes resulting in Tinea capitis has been causing epidemics throughout Europe and America.^[34] In pets, cats are the virtually affected past dermatophytosis.^[35] Pets are susceptible to dermatophytoses acquired by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton.^[35] For dermatophytosis in animals, risk factors depend on age, species, brood, underlying conditions, stress, training, and injuries.^[35]

Numerous studies accept institute Tinea capitis to be the most prevalent dermatophyte to infect children beyond the continent of Africa.^[32] Dermatophytosis has been establish to exist most prevalent in children ages 4 to xi, infecting more males than females.^[32] Low socioeconomic condition was found to exist a run a risk factor for Tinea capitis.^[32] Throughout Africa, dermatophytoses are common in hot- humid climates and with areas of overpopulation.^[32]

Chronicity is a common outcome for dermatophytosis in Republic of india.^[33] The prevalence of dermatophytosis in Republic of india is between 36.6-78.four% depending on the area, clinical subtype, and dermatophyte isolate. ^[33] Individuals ages 21-40 years are most commonly affected.^[33]

A 2002 study looking at 445 samples of dermatophytes in patients in Goiânia, Brazil found the nigh prevalent type to be Trichophyton rubrum (49.4%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (xxx.8%), and Microsporum canis (12.6%).^[36]

A 2013 study looking at five,175 samples of Tinea in patients in Tehran, Iran constitute the most prevalent type to be Tinea pedis (43.4%), followd past Tinea unguium. (21.3%), and Tinea cruris (xx.seven%).^[37]

See also

• Mycobiota

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Symptoms of Ringworm Infections". CDC. December 6, 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "Definition of Ringworm". CDC. December 6, 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
3. ^ ^{a b c d due east} "Ringworm Risk & Prevention". CDC. December half dozen, 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
4. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Domino, Frank J.; Baldor, Robert A.; Golding, Jeremy (2013). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1226. ISBN9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2016-09-15.
5. ^ ^{a b c} "Diagnosis of Ringworm". CDC. December vi, 2015. Archived from the original on 8 Baronial 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
6. ^ Teitelbaum, Jonathan E. (2007). In a Page: Pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 274. ISBN9780781770453. Archived from the original on 2017-04-26.
7. ^ ^{a b c} "Treatment for Ringworm". CDC. Dec half-dozen, 2015. Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
8. ^ ^{a b} Mahmoud A. Ghannoum; John R. Perfect (24 November 2009). Antifungal Therapy. CRC Printing. p. 258. ISBN978-0-8493-8786-ix. Archived from the original on viii September 2017.
9. ^ Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Schaffer, Julie V. (2012). Dermatology (3 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1255. ISBN978-0702051821. Archived from the original on 2016-09-15.
10. ^ "recognizing Ringworm". Healthline. 29 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-x-22.
11. ^ Klemm, Lori (2 April 2008). "Keeping footloose on trips". The Herald News. Archived from the original on eighteen February 2009.
12. ^ Fort Contrivance Creature Health: Milestones from Wyeth.com. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
13. ^ "Ringworm In Your Dog, Cat And Other Pets". Vetspace . Retrieved 14 Nov 2020.
14. ^ "Insol Dermatophyton 5x2 ml". GROVET - The veterinary warehouse. Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-02-01 .
15. ^ F. Rochette; G. Engelen; H. Vanden Bossche (2003), "Antifungal agents of use in animal health - practical applications", Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 26 (i): 31–53, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00457.x, PMID 12603775
16. ^ ^{a b} Kyle AA, Dahl MV (2004). "Topical therapy for fungal infections". Am J Clin Dermatol. 5 (6): 443–51. doi:ten.2165/00128071-200405060-00009. PMID 15663341. S2CID 37500893.
17. ^ McClellan KJ, Wiseman LR, Markham A (July 1999). "Terbinafine. An update of its employ in superficial mycoses". Drugs. 58 (1): 179–202. doi:x.2165/00003495-199958010-00018. PMID 10439936.
18. ^ Tinea~treatment at eMedicine
19. ^ Tinea Corporis~treatment at eMedicine
20. ^ "Antifungal agents for common paediatric infections". Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. xix (ane): 15–8. January 2008. doi:10.1155/2008/186345. PMC2610275. PMID 19145261.
21. ^ Gupta AK, Cooper EA (2008). "Update in antifungal therapy of dermatophytosis". Mycopathologia. 166 (v–half dozen): 353–67. doi:x.1007/s11046-008-9109-0. PMID 18478357. S2CID 24116721.
22. ^ "Ringworm on Torso Treatment" at eMedicineHealth
23. ^ Sequeira, J.H. (1906). "The Varieties of Ringworm and Their Treatment" (PDF). British Medical Journal. ii (2378): 193–196. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2378.193. PMC2381801. PMID 20762800. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-xi-22.
24. ^ Mrs. Thou. Grieve. A Modernistic Herbal. Archived from the original on 2015-03-25.
25. ^ Scott, David W. (2007). Colour Atlas of Animal Dermatology. Blackwell. ISBN978-0-8138-0516-0.
26. ^ ^{a b} "Ringworm in Dogs Diagnosis". Dogclassonline.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-15. Retrieved 2011-01-ten .
27. ^ "General ringworm information". Ringworm.com.au. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-x .
28. ^ "Facts About Ringworm". Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-10-03 . Detailed veterinarian discussion of animal handling
29. ^ "Veterinary treatment site page". Marvistavet.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2011-01-ten .
30. ^ "Persistence of spores". Ringworm.com.au. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-10 .
31. ^ ^{a b c} Pires, C. A. A., Cruz, North. F. S. da, Lobato, A. Grand., Sousa, P. O. de, Carneiro, F. R. O., & Mendes, A. K. D. (2014). Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatología, 89(2), 259–264. https://doi.org/ten.1590/abd1806-4841.20142569
32. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Oumar Coulibaly, Coralie L'Ollivier, Renaud Piarroux, Stéphane Ranque, Epidemiology of human dermatophytoses in Africa, Medical Mycology, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 2018, Pages 145–161.
33. ^ ^{a b c d} Rajagopalan, One thousand., Inamadar, A., Mittal, A., Miskeen, A. K., Srinivas, C. R., Sardana, One thousand., Godse, 1000., Patel, K., Rengasamy, Yard., Rudramurthy, S., & Dogra, S. (2018). Expert Consensus on The Management of Dermatophytosis in Republic of india (ECTODERM India). BMC dermatology, 18(one), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12895-018-0073-1
34. ^ ^{a b c} Hayette, 1000.-P., & Sacheli, R. (2015). Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach. Current Fungal Infection Reports, ix(three), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-015-0231-iv
35. ^ ^{a b c} Gordon, E., Idle, A., & DeTar, L. (2020). Descriptive epidemiology of companion animal dermatophytosis in a Canadian Pacific Northwest beast shelter system. The Canadian veterinary periodical = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 61(7), 763–770.
36. ^ Costa, 1000., Passos, X. S., Hasimoto due east Souza, L. 1000., Miranda, A. T. B., Lemos, J. de A., Oliveira, J., & Silva, G. do R. R. (2002). Epidemiology and etiology of dermatophytosis in Goiânia, Get, Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 35(1), 19–.
37. ^ Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., Makimura, K., de Hoog, Southward., Shidfar, Yard. R., Zaini, F., Eshraghian, 1000., Naghan, P. A., & Mirhendi, H. (2013). Molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, a clinical and microbial survey. Medical Mycology (Oxford), 51(ii), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2012.686124

Further reading

• Weitzman I, Summerbell RC (1995). "The dermatophytes". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. eight (two): 240–259. doi:10.1128/cmr.8.ii.240. PMC172857. PMID 7621400.

External links

• Tinea photo library at Dermnet

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatophytosis

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